Software Engineering of Component-Based Systems-of-Systems: A Reference Framework

CORE A.International audienceSystems-of-Systems (SoS) are complex infrastructures, which are characterized by a wide diversity of technologies and requirements imposed by the domain(s) they target. In this context, the software engineering community has been focusing on assisting the developers by providing them domain-specific languages, component-based software engineering frameworks and tools to leverage on the design and the development of such systems. However, the adoption of such approaches often prevents developers from combining several domains, which is a strong requirement in the context of SoS. Furthermore, only little attention has been paid to the definition of a modular toolset and an extensible runtime infrastructure for deploying and executing SoS. In this paper, we therefore propose a reference framework to leverage on the software engineering of SoS. Our reference framework has been validated on the development of two platforms, namely Hulotte and FraSCAti, to demonstrate that the resulting complexity is isolated in the core toolset, while the development of domain-specific extensions is leveraged and simplified by clearly identified abstractions

Informatique : Des logiciels mis au vert

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Rapid Prototyping of Domain-Specific Architecture Languages

International audienceSoftware architecture has become a sensitive discipline, which consists in concretizing the user requirements into a set of artifacts that can be used to model and reason about the software to be developed. However, the architect often relies on its own knowledge to map domain-specific requirements onto generic software abstractions. Most of the time, this leads to the definition of repetitive tasks and architecture fragments, which can be particularly error prone. We therefore believe that architects need a more flexible approach to cope with the definition of domain-specific architectures by leveraging general purpose architecture description languages. This paper introduces the FraSCAla framework as an architectural framework that can be used to rapidly prototype and experiment domain-specific ADLs in order to catalyze the definition and to improve the reliability of software architectures. We demonstrate the merits of this approach on two case studies that illustrate component-based architectures exhibiting various categories of architectural patterns

Leveraging Component-Based Software Engineering with Fraclet

International audienceComponent-based software engineering has achieved wide acceptance in the domain of software engineering by improving productivity, reusability and composition. This success has also encouraged the emergence of a plethora of component models. Nevertheless, even if the abstract models of most of lightweight component models are quite similar, their programming models can still differ a lot. This drawback limits the reuse and composition of components implemented using different programming models. The contribution of this article is to introduce Fraclet as a programming model com- mon to several lightweight component models. This programming model is presented as an annotation framework, which allows the developer to annotate the program code with the elements of the abstract component model. Then, using a generative approach, the annotated program code is completed according to the programming model of the component model to be supported by the component runtime environment. This article shows that this annotation framework provides a significant simplification of the program code by removing all dependencies on the component model interfaces. These benefits are illustrated with the Fractal and OpenCOM component models

Divide and Conquer - Organizing Component-based Adaptation

This paper introduces a divide and conquer approach for organizing the adaptation of distributed applications in a potentially large number of interacting middleware instances. In such an environment, a centralistic and static adaptation reasoning i) is inadequate and ii) gives the same priority to all applications. The divide and conquer method aims at minimizing the interference between running applications, allowing users to weight the priority of applications, and organizing the adaptation and the reasoning about the adaptation in a decentralized and flexible way

Automatic Inference of Roadmaps from Raw Mobility Traces

The popularization of smartphones in daily life offers numerous opportunities in terms of urban sensing. More and more users are ready to share certain information as part of scientific research, including their GPS location. From these mobility traces, we developed a roadmap inference algorithm using raw mobile data supplied by users of smartphones. This algorithm can generate a map composed of oriented routes, which are annotated by a certain amount of metadata.Le succès des smartphones dans la vie quotidienne ajoute de nombreuses opportunités en matière de collecte de données urbaines. De plus en plus d'utilisateurs sont prêts à partager certaines données dans le cadre de recherches scientifiques, notamment leurs positions GPS. À partir de telles traces de mobilités, nous avons développé un algorithme d'inférence de cartes routières à partir de données mobiles brutes, fournies par des utilisateurs de smartphones. Cet algorithme permet de générer une carte routière composée de routes orientées, ainsi qu'un certain nombre d'informations sur celles-ci

An Energy-efficient Location Provider for Daily Trips

It is well known that smartphones are energy greedy and their batteries do not last more than a few days. Since mobile phones consumption increased faster than batteries capacities it becomes important to find new ways to reduce their energy consumption. We claim that people using GPS location service everyday should not pay a full energy-cost since most of the time their are taking the same path to commute. Based on these observations, we developed a new implementation of the location API built from Android Location API, which is capable of learning and predict user location on time with an average accuracy of 50 meters while saving energy.Il est généralement admis que les smartphones sont des appareils qui consomment énormément d'énergie et qui nécessitent d'être rechargés régulièrement. Cet état de fait est en partie lié à l'évolution de la consommation de ces derniers qui augmente plus rapidement que celle de la capacité des batteries. Aussi, nous observons qu'une grande partie de la population utilise la localisation par GPS quotidiennement et en parcourant généralement les mêmes routes afin de, par exemple, connaître les conditions de circulation ou du temps restant. Á partir de ces observations, nous proposons une nouvelle mise en {\oe}uvre de l'API de localisation, basée sur celle d'Android, capable d'apprendre et de prédire la position des utilisateurs avec une précision moyenne de cinquante mètres tout en diminuant sa consommation au fil du temps

APISENSE®: Mobile crowd-sensing made easy!

Keynote of ECAAS'16APISENSE® (http://apisense.io) is a crowd-sensing platform that leverages the gathering of field datasets at scale. In particular, APISENSE® is designed as a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) solution that remotely orchestrates crowds of mobile devices to monitor physical events or human behaviours in the wild. Collecting data in the field tends to be a tedious tasks for most of researchers as it requires to spend time, energy and money to develop dedicated mobile apps. The role of APISENSE® is therefore to catalyse this process by delivering to the scientific community a comprehensive distributed infrastructure that guarantee both privacy and energy consumption of participants. The applications of APISENSE® encompasses case studies in the domains of telecom, smart cities, air quality, or human sciences

Software Architecture Patterns for a Context-Processing Middleware Framework

International audienceUbiquitous applications are characterised by variations of their execution context. Their correct operation requires some continual adaptations based on the observation of their execution context. The design and the implementation of these observation policies is then the cornerstone of any ubiquitous applications. In this article, we propose COSMOS which is a framework for the principled specification and composition of context observation policies. With COSMOS, these policies are decomposed into fine-grained units called \emph{context nodes} implemented as software components. These units perform basic context-related operations (\emph{e.g.}, gathering data from a system or network probe, computing threshold or average values) and are assembled with a set of well-identified architectural design patterns. In this article, COSMOS is motivated and illustrated with an example from the domain of mobile e-commerce applications